Waec Government answers 2020 confirmed

Here is the comprehensive answers for government 2020. Confirm answers before writing. Good luck. Obj answers is coming

Q1a)

*Federalism*
is a political system in which government power and responsibility is divided between a federal legislature and a number of state or provincial legislatures. It defines the division of governmental functions and the financial relationships between different levels of government. In most instances of federalism there is a single national government, often referred to as the “federal government,” which exercises its particular powers across the whole country. In addition, there are multiple regional governments, often referred to as “provincial” or “state” governments, which exercise their powers within their particular regional territory.

b)

1. Governments Can be More Responsive to Citizens
The closer a government entity is to its citizens, the more likely it is the respond to the needs of citizens. States are more likely to listen to citizen needs, and respond to them, than the national government would be.

2. Federalism improves efficiency
Even though we may think of hundreds of governments as inefficient, governing the entire nation from one central location would be even worse. Imagine the bureaucracy, red tape, delays, and confusion if every government activity in every community in the nation—police, schools, roads, fire departments, garbage collections, sewage disposal, street lighting, and

3. A Better Understanding
The central government has no true way to understand what issues and changes need to be made in every area of the country. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed.

4. Federalism helps manage conflict
Permitting states and communities to pursue their own policies reduces the pressures that would build up at the national level if the national government had to decide everything. Federalism permits citizens to decide many things at the state and local levels of government and avoid battling over single national policies to be applied uniformly throughout the land.

5. Federalism embraces diversity
Federalism, a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government, permits diversity and accommodates the differences between people and regions to create stronger components, which make a stronger nation.

This is the argument for dividing powers between national and state governments, and for further dividing state powers among many types of local governments.

6. Separation of power
By not allowing one body of government to hold all power over the country, you help to prevent any harmful and negative things from happening to some areas of the country. This is why having multiple sectors of the government is so important in federalism. The widespread distribution of power is generally regarded as a protection against tyranny.

Q2a)

*Political socialization*

is the “process by which individuals learn and frequently internalize a political lens framing their perceptions of how power is arranged and how the world around them is (and should be) organized; those perceptions, in turn, shape and define individuals’ definitions of who they are and how they should behave in the political and economic institutions in which they live

.”[1] Political socialization also encompasses the way in which people acquire values and opinions that shape their political stance and ideology: it is a “study of the developmental processes by which people of all ages and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes, and behaviors.

It refers to a learning process by which norms and behaviors acceptable to a well running political system are transmitted from one generation to another. It is through the performance of this function that individuals are inducted into the political culture and their orientations towards political objects are formed.Schools, media, and the state have a major influence in this process.

B)

(1) It involves the transmission of values and beliefs of the

Q2a)

*Political socialization*

is the “process by which individuals learn and frequently internalize a political lens framing their perceptions of how power is arranged and how the world around them is (and should be) organized; those perceptions, in turn, shape and define individuals’ definitions of who they are and how they should behave in the political and economic institutions in which they live.”[1] Political socialization also encompasses the way in which people acquire values and opinions that shape their political stance and ideology: it is a “study of the developmental processes by which people of all ages and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes, and behaviors.

It refers to a learning process by which norms and behaviors acceptable to a well running political system are transmitted from one generation to another. It is through the performance of this function that individuals are inducted into the political culture and their orientations towards political objects are formed.Schools, media, and the state have a major influence in this process.

B)

(1) It involves the transmission of values and beliefs of the political culture by one generation to the next.

(2) Political Culture is maintained and changed through political socialisation. The values, beliefs and orientations towards political objects and actions are transmitted as well as changed by this process.

(3). Political Socialisation is a lifelong learning process but its pace and role keeps on changing from time to time. The process goes on continuously throughout the life of the individual.

(4). Political Socialisation provides the necessary knowledge and incentive for individual’s participation in politics. Politically socialised individuals come forward to accept different roles in the political system.

(5). In nature, Political Socialisation is similar to, in fact, a part of the process of socialisation which is always at work in every society.

(6). Finally, Political Socialisation is an extremely important process by which individuals become involved in the activities of the political system. The nature and level of political participation of the individuals depend to a large extent upon the nature and efficiency of the process of political socialisation.

Q4

The (Gold Coast) Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society (ARPS) was founded 1897 as political protest party opposite to the natives policy of the former colonial government of the British Gold Coast Colony (contemporary Ghana), primarily with the aim of the defense of the traditional land tenure system which was immediate threatened by the colonial law in 1896 and 1897.
The formation of the Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society in 1897 in Cape Coast by John Mensah Sarbah was initially triggered by the 1897 Land Bill which was to be introduced by Governor William Griffith.

Aims are follows:

*Withdrawal of the Land Bill*
One of the main aims of the Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society was to fight for the withdrawal of the Land Bill of 1897, which intended to put under British control, all the lands which were not under any utilization at the time.

*Protection of rights*
Another aim of the formation of the Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society was to ensure that the rights and welfare of the Gold Coasters were protected using the legal processes that were available to the people.

*Promote unity*
Also the Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society aimed at promoting unity among the Gold Coasters.

*Promote sound education*
The Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society’s intention was also to promote a sound education among the people in Fante land especially, the Fante indigenes.

*Loyalty to the British Crown*
The society’s aim was also to inculcate in the people of the Gold Coast a sense of loyalty toward the British crown.

*Composition of the Legislative and Executive Council*
One of the aims of the Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society was to agitate for the inclusion of Africans in the Legislative and the Executive Councils.

1.Highlight the aims and objectives of the Aborigines’ Rights Protection Society.

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Q3a)

A nation is a stable community of humans formed on the basis of a common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture. A nation is more overtly political than an ethnic group

A nation refers to a group of people who are historically linked in ways that include, but is not limited to, language, religion and culture.All the members of a nation may not necessarily have to live in one country some may live outside their country of origin.

B)THE FEATURES OF A NATION

*No Defined Geographical Area*
A nation does not need to have a clearly defined geographical area. However, a nation identifies itself with a specific geographical area and considers that area as a national homeland. For example, before the modern state of Israel was established, the Jews in dispersion considered Israel as their homeland and Jerusalem as their capital.

*Common Religious Beliefs*
Another feature of a nation is that those who consider themselves as part of it share the same religious beliefs. This is the religion that unites them as a nation. The people of the nation of Israel are united by Judaism and the people of the Nation of Islam are united by Islam.

*Common Language*
The people of a nation usually have one common language. They identify themselves as belonging to one nation through this one common language. They also use the common language as a way of reaching out to each other.

*Common Culture and Traditions*
Members of a nation have a common identity. This identity is reflected in their common social and cultural ties as well as common traditions. This distinguishes them from other nations.

*Common Origin*
Another feature of a nation is that the members feel a sense of a common origin. They feel that they come from the same place and therefore trace their ancestry to that place. The Jews, for example, trace their origin to present day Israel.

*Common Historical Experiences*
Members of a nation share common historical experiences. These experiences could be those of battles that they have won together or bad experiences of their history. These common historical experiences set them aside as a peculiar nation.