Food and Nutrition Waec Answers 2024

(4a)

(i) Nutrient-rich: Fruits are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants crucial for growth and development during adolescence.

(ii) Fiber content: Fruits are a great source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion, maintains bowel health, and helps prevent constipation.

(iii) Hydration: Many fruits have high water content, contributing to overall hydration, especially important for active adolescents.

(4b)

(i) Fresh fruits (such as berries, mangoes, or peaches)

(ii) Sugar or sweetener (to taste)

(iii) Heavy cream

(4c)

(i) Wash and prepare the fruits by cutting them into bite-sized pieces.

(ii) In a bowl, mash some of the fruits to release their juices while leaving some chunks for texture.

(iii) Sweeten the mashed fruits with sugar or sweetener according to taste.

(iv) In a separate bowl, whip the heavy cream until it forms stiff peaks.

(v) Gently fold the whipped cream into the mashed fruits until well combined.

(vi) Optionally, you can add a layer of yogurt or custard at the bottom of serving glasses for extra flavor and texture.

(vii) Spoon the fruit fool mixture into serving glasses or bowls.

(viii) Chill the fruit fool in the refrigerator for at least an hour before serving.

(ix) Garnish with additional fruit slices or mint leaves if desired before serving. Enjoy your delicious and refreshing fruit

(5a)

(i)Chicken and turkey, particularly the dark meat parts, are excellent sources of phosphorus.

(ii)Dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, contain high levels of phosphorus.

(iii)Fish, especially salmon, trout, and carp, are rich in phosphorus.

(iv)Seeds and nuts, with pumpkin seeds and sunflower seeds being particularly high in phosphorus.

(v)Whole grains, like oats, brown rice, and whole wheat, are good sources of phosphorus.

(vi)Beans and lentils also provide a significant amount of phosphorus.

(5b)

(i)Weakness and fatigue, as phosphorus is essential for energy production.

(ii)Bone pain and fragile bones, due to phosphorus’s role in bone health and development.

(iii)Loss of appetite, which can further exacerbate nutritional deficiencies.

(iv)Irregular breathing, since phosphorus plays a part in maintaining healthy muscle function, including the muscles involved in breathing.

(1ai) The kind of reaction that occurred on the beef is bacterial decomposition or spoilage.

(1aii) Three causes of the bacterial decomposition or spoilage of the beef could be:

1. Exposure to air: When the beef was left on the counter, it was exposed to air, which allowed bacteria to thrive and decompose the meat.

2. Temperature abuse: If the beef was not stored at the proper temperature, such as in a refrigerator, it would have facilitated the growth of bacteria and accelerated spoilage.

3. Moisture: If the beef was not properly dried or stored in a moist environment, it would have provided an ideal condition for bacterial growth and spoilage.

(1aiii) The caterer could have prevented the bacterial decomposition or spoilage of the beef by promptly refrigerating it after receiving the supply, ensuring it was properly sealed to limit exposure to air, and maintaining proper hygiene and sanitation practices in the kitchen.

(1aiv) Two equipment suitable for preventing the bacterial decomposition or spoilage of the beef are:

1. Refrigerator: Proper refrigeration at the right temperature can slow down bacterial growth and preserve the freshness of the beef.

2. Vacuum sealer: Using a vacuum sealer can remove air from the packaging, creating an airtight seal that helps prevent bacterial contamination and spoilage.

*FOOD AND NUTRITION*

(3a)

(i) Table Appointments: Table appointments refer to the items or accessories placed on the dining table to enhance the dining experience and presentation. These can include items such as tablecloths, napkins, placemats, flatware (cutlery), glassware, and dishes.

(ii) Table Setting: Table setting is the arrangement of tableware, utensils, and other elements on a dining table for each individual diner. It includes the placement of items such as plates, forks, knives, spoons, glasses, and napkins in a specific order and manner according to formal or informal dining etiquette.

(iii) Centerpiece: A centerpiece is a decorative item or arrangement placed in the center of the dining table, typically intended to serve as a focal point and enhance the overall ambiance of the dining setting. Centerpieces can vary widely in style and composition, ranging from floral arrangements to candles, fruit bowls, decorative sculptures, or themed ornaments.

(3b)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Plates

(ii) Bowls

(iii) Cutlery

(iv) Glassware

(3c)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Napkins are used to wipe hands and mouths during and after meals, maintaining cleanliness.

(ii) Placing a napkin on the lap is a sign of good manners, signaling the start of the meal.

(iii) It is used to dab or blot food stains from clothing or the face.

(iv) It is placed over the lap to protect clothing from spills and stains.

(v) Napkins can be used to signal the end of a meal by placing them neatly beside the plate.